Machine for applying caps to bottles.



J. M. STARK d; T. L. TURNER.

MACHINE FOR APPLYING CAPS T0 BOTTLES. AP'PLIOATION rmm Nov.1a, 190s;

Patented May M1193.

! SHEETS-SHEET l.

A gg/M4545. TUPEM? Arromafrs J. M. STARK RT. L. TURNER. MACHINE PORAPPLYING CAPS T0 BOTTLES.

APPLICATION FILED HOV. 13, 1908.

58g83 Patented May l?, 1910.

B SHEETS-411112?? 2.

WITNESSES INVENTOHS LM. STARK T. L. TURNER. MACHINE FOR APPLYING CAPS TOBOTTLES.

v APPLIoATmH FILED 11017.13, 190s.

Patented my i?, 19m.

Wim/58858 J. M. STARK & L. TURNER. MACHINE FOB. APPLYING CAPS T0BOTTLES.

APPLICATION IILED NOV.13. 1008.

J. M. SMR & T. L. TURNER. MACHINE FOR APPLYING OMS T0 BGTTLES.APPLIOATIGH FILED MOV. 13, i008.

J. M. STA @n 'l'. L. TURNER. MACHINE FOB APPLYING OAPS T0 BOTTLES.

APPLIOATNH FILED HOV. 13, 190B.

...al nu 8 BHEBT-SHBET 6.

wi'ms J. M. STARKMT. L. TURNER. msnm Fon @FLYING omPs To BOTTLES.

APPLICATION FILED HOV.'13. 1908.

v M..- pv H ww www 6 J. M. STARK & T. L. TURNER.

MACHINE FOR APPLYING CAPS T0 BOTTLES. APPLICATION rum) nov. 1a. 190e.

958,333. Mmm/ad May l?, 11.910.

TIICVIZ.

- @all WITNESSES /WWMQM l uvm/mns JUN/VIM'. STARR' 'WHO/WSL. TUF/VBI? vTo all whom ity/may concern:

' UNTE e i f nonnina. I

JOHN M. STARK AND THOMASv L. TURNER, OF NEW YORK, N. Y., ASSIG'NORS T030T- TLERS SEAL COMPANY, 0F NEW YORK, N. Y., A. CORPORATION OF NEW YORK.

Y MACHINE FOR APPLYING CAPS T0 BOTTLES.

Speeication of Letters Patent.

Application led November 131, 1908. Serial No. 482,445.

Beit known that we, J oHN M. STARK and THoMAs L. TURNER, both citizensof the United States, and residents of the borough of, Manhattan, city,county, and State of New York, have jointly invented certain new anduseful Improvements in Machines for Applying Caps to Bottles, of whichthe following is a specification.

Our invention relates to machines for applying sheet metal caps tobottles and other receptacles and has for its object to provide asuiicient mechanism for this purpose, which will be automatic andreliable in its operation.

In the accompanying drawings we have illustrated two specic embodimentsof our invention, Figures 1-16 illustrating the irst form of ourmvention and Figs. 17-20 another form of certain parts of the machine.

Fi 1` is a front elevation of the complete machine; Fig. 2 is 'a sideelevation thereof; Fig. 3 is a rear elevation with parts in section; Fi3a is a vdetail of the starting mechanism; ig. 4 is a sectionalelevation on line 4 4 of Fig. 1; Fig. 5 is a detail showing in verticalsection certain tri mechanism hereinafter referred to; Fi 6 1s a faceview of said mechanism from t e inside; Fig. 7 is a horizontal sectionon line 7 -7 of Fig. 5; Fig. 7A is a vertical section showing certainarts of Fi 4 in their initial position;

ig. 8 is a v1ew of the upper portion of the machine with parts insection drawn upon enlarged scale; Fig. 9 is a side view of thecap-feeding mechanism; Fig. 10 is a rear view of said mechanism; Fig.10A shows parts of this mechanism in perspective; Fig. 11 is a partialbottom view of the slide or cap-carrier which is employed to car thecaps into registry with the bottle; Fig. 12 is a top view of said slide;Fi 13 is a vertical section on line 13-13 of Fig. 12; Fig. 14 is adetail perspective view of a spring used in thereof; Figs. 19 and 20 arevertical tions on line 19-19 and 20-20 respectively ofvFig. 17.

The frame 21 of the machine is provided i with suitable bearings 22 forthe main shaft 23 carrying a fast pulley' 24 and a loose pulle 25. Thedriving belt (not shown) may e shifted from one pulle to the other bymeans of the well-known s iftin mechanism, Fi 2 showing a lever 26,crumed at 26a an connected with the shiftin rod 27. On` the shaft 23 issecured ri 'ly a pinion 28 in mesh with a gear w eel 29 which is looseupon a countershaft 30. The gear wheel 29 has a longitudinal groove29aadapted to receive-at times a coupling pin 3.1 which is carried in alongitudinal guide- Way 32*L of a clutch-wheel 32 fast upon the shaft30. A spring 33 tends to throw the pin 31 toward the gear wheel 29, soas to couple the latter for rotation with the shaft 30. The pin 31 isprovided with a notch 31n adapted to register with an annular .groove32b when the pin 31 is withdrawn against the tension of the sprin 33.This withdrawal is effected by the owering of a trip lever 34 which isfulcrumed at 34a and has raten-tea nay it', icio. I

movement in suitable guides 38-39. At the bottom I may provide a cushion40 of wood or other suitable material so as to deaden the shock andnoise at the time the bar 37 drops down. This bar is provided with anopening 37 a vthrough which extends the shaft 30 and the hub 41 of a cam42 rigid with said shaft. The cam 42 is adapted at certain times toengage a shoulder 37b on the bar 37 and thus to raise said bar from theposition shown in Figs. 3 and 4 to that illustrated in Fi 5 and 6. Thetrip lever 34, when raise is adapted for engagement with the clutch pin31 at the notch" thereof, the end of the lever being beveled (see Fig.3) so that, as the pin rotates with the member, 32, the side wall of thenotch 31a will come into engagement with the raised trip lever 34 andthus the in 31 will be moved toward the left in Fig. 4, therebydisengaging it from the gear wheel 29 and thus stopping the rotation ofthe shaft 30. A brake 41b engages the periphery of the hub 41frictionally to prevent the momentum of y the parts from carrying thembeyond the point where the driving action ceases..

The upper end of the bar 37 1s provided with a shoulder 37c adapted toengage the upper surface of a slide 43 mounted to move horizontally inthe frame 21 and projecting therefrom. The projecting end o f the slideis provided with a finger 44 havinvr a beveled surface 44a and theinneren of the slide is engaged by a spring 45 which tends to throw itoutward into the position shown in Fig. 5. It willbe seen that in thisposition the slide 43 keeps the bar 37 in its raised position, with theshoulder 37c restmg on the upper/surface of the slide. If now the slideis pushed inward, in the manner to be set forth presently, the shoulder37c is releascd and the bar 37 is free to drop by its own weight in theslot 43, this dropping of the bar operating to release the pln 31 fromthe trip lever 34 so that the pin is shot forward by the spring 33 intothe recess 29a as soon as the rotation of the driving wheel 29 bringsthis recess into registry with the clutch pin.

The inward movement of the slide 43 and the consequent starting of theshaft 30 are accomplished as follows: In the position of restillustrated by Fig. 7*L the projected.

finger 44 is in engagement with a finger 46 which is carried by a slide47 movable horizontally in the curved wall 48 carried by a bottlesupport 49. In this position the head of the slide 47 ro'ects from thewall 48. If now a bottle 1s p aced on the support 49 y and moved intoVengagement with the curved Wall 48, this will push the slide 47 towardthe right and owing to the engagement of the fingers 46 and 44 the slide43 will also be moved to the right thus releasing the bar 37 andstartinor the rotation of the shaft 30 as above described.

The bottle support 49 is carried by a rod 50 fitted at its lower endinto a sleeve 51 guided vertically in a suitable portion 21a of themachine and provided with a roller 51a which rides on a cam 52 securedrigidly to the shaft 30. Arspring 53 is interposed between the end ofthe sleeve 51 and a collar 54 secured to the rod 50. In order that thetension of the spring may be varied, I prefer to make the collar 54adjustable as by screwing it on a threaded portion of the rod 50. Itwill be understood that for each rotation of the shaft 30 there is oneupward -movement and one downward movement of the bottle support 49. Thecam 42 is so arranged that before the bottle support returns to itslower position the bar 37 is raised so as to again allow the spring 45to project the slide 44 into the position shown in Figs. 5 and 7a.Therefore, when the two inclined surfaces 46a and 44*l come intoengagement during the downward movement of the bottle support, this willcause the slide 47 to be moved toward the left so as to take theposition shown in Fig. 7a and this movement will push the bottle towardthe left so as to facilitate its movement by the operator. The raisingof the bottle support brings the bottle into operative relation to a capcarrier or shuttle and to a crimping head by which the cap is secured,upon the bottle.

The caps 55 are stacked in magazines 56 disposed vertically at equaldistances from the axis ofthe machine indicated by the center of a hole21b (see Fig. 8). This hole is located in a suitable guide plate 21c inwhich the shuttle or cap carrier 57 is adapted to reciprocatehorizontally. This shut-- tle is provided with two cap holders, thedistance between them being equal to the distance between each of themagazines 56 and the central opening 21". when one of the cap-holders isin registry with one of the magazines 56, 'the other is in registry withthe central hole 21h. In order to move the shuttle 57, we have providedit with a rack 57 which is engaged by a inion 58 mounted upon ahorizontal shafl 59 which also carries a pinion 60. This pinion isengaged by a rack 61 located at the upper end of a bar 62 to which avertical movement is imparted by means of a cam groove 63 on a wheel 63which is rotated upon a stud 64 by means of gear teeth 32c on the member32. The bar 62 is provided with a pin 62tI projecting into the camgroove 63,

The construction of the cap-holders is shown best in Figs. 8, 11, 12 and13. Each cap-holder has a downwardly flaring opening 65 with slots 65athrough which project carrying fingers 66 pivoted at 66l and providedwith shoulders 66b on which the lower edge of the cap is adapted torest. Springs 67 secured at 67 and bearing on the fingers 66 from below,tend to keep them in the inwardly projecting osition, but may be swungoutward by the ottle neck when the same rises through the cap holder asshown in Fig. 4.

The lowermost cap 55 rests on curved seats 68EL of springs 68, which aresecured to the lower portion of the magazines 56, and -project partlyinto the magazine. In order to transfer the lq'wermost cap from themagazine to one of the cap holders the following mechanism is provided(see particularly Figs. 8, 9, and 10) rods 69 are guided vertically insuitable brackets 21e and these rods receivefa reciprocating movement inopposite directions, that is when one rod is up the other rod is downand vice versa. For this purpose links 70 are connected pivotally withblocks 71 carried by said rods 69, the lower ends of said links beingconnected with levers 72 fulcrumed at 72n and Therefore,

connected by links 73 with elbow levers 74 fulcrumed at 74a (seeespecially Flg. 2).

throw apart the upper ends of the cap trans-'- ferrers as shown in Figs.8 and 10. These transferrers .are provided with projections 7 6b adaptedto frictionally engage the lowermost cap as shown at the rlght in Fig.8. It will therefore be seen that when one of the brackets 75 is raisedas shownat the right of Fig. 8 the corresponding transferrer comesinto-operative engagement with the lowermost cap on that side. Whenthereupon the transferrer moves down with the bracket 75 it carries saidcap with it, the springs 68 yielding downward to permit such movement,but snapping back at once so as to hold the succeedmg cap. As soonas thelower edge of thecap comes to reston the fingers 66 at the recesses 66h,the further downward movement of the transferrer will disengage it fromthe cap, so that the cap will remaln within the cap-holder while theextractor or transferrer will pass to a lower position in which, as.shown at the left in Fig. 8, it is entirely clear of the path of theshuttle 57 and of the cap holders carried thereby.

In order to facilitate thedisengagement of the cap transferrer from thecap, I prefer to arrange upon each of the operating levers 76 of thetransferrer a slide 78, guided in the bracket 21d and having itsmovement therein Alimited by the Aprojecting heads 7 8a and thus duringthe downward movement of the cap transferrer the slide 78 will at rstmove in unison with the transferrerflever so as to leave the upper endsof the transferrer jaws separated under the influence of the springs 77.As soon .as the upper head 78a engages the bracket 21d the transferrerlevers 7 6a will move downward in the slide 78 and the beveledsufaces76C. will cause the transferrer jaws to move toward each other, thusreleasing the cap. This, of course, occurs at about the same time'thatthe cap reaches the fingers 66. During the upward movement of thebracket the jaws will rst remain closed and will not open until thelower head 78a has engaged the bracket 21d; thus the insertion of theVcap transferrer into the cap is facilitated.

It will be understood that at the beginning of the operation a cap istransferred from one of the magazines to the cap holder and carriedthereby to the central position in registry with the bottle andthereupon the bottle rises through the action of the cam 52 to lift thecap from the cap holder as shown in Fig. 4, the top of the cap beingthus brought into engagement with a backing 79 (see Fig. 15). Thisbacking is capable of a slight movement in all directions, beingprovided with a spherical socket engaging the rounded end of a rod 80and being also provided with a transverse pin 79, which passes withconsiderable play through a corresponding opening in the rod 80. Theheight of the opening 1s such that the socket W1ll engage the roundedend of the rod before the pin engages the upper wall of the opening.Thus the head 79 is left free to swing in any direction so as toaccommodate itself to irregularities in the shape of the bottle mouth.The lower face of the head 79 is preferably shaped with an annulargroove corresponding tothe bottle mouth. In order that the apparatus maybe set for bottles of varying height, the head. 79 and rod 80 arepreferably adjustable, as by threading the rod into the upper part ofthe machine and locking it by means of a nut 81.

The lower edge of the cap is bent inward or crimped by means of thefollowing mechanism: A jaw carrier '82 is secured to the upper portionof the machine frame, for instance by means of screws 83 and preferablythe connection is an elastic one so as to permit the carrier to yielddownward under certain conditions hereinafter referred to. This carrieris provided with radial slots in which crimping jaws 84 are mounted toswing about horizontal pivots 84a. The upper ends of these jaws haveheels 84b which engage the inner wall of a vertically movable operatingsleeve 85 so that with the sleeve in its upper position as in Fig. 15the lower ends o the jaws 84 are swung open under 'the influence ofsprings 86. These lower 4ends are provided with inward projections 84,adapted to crimp the flange under the bead at the upper end of thebottle neck.

AThe operatin sleeve 85 is provided with a number of ro 1ers 87 rotatingabout horizontal axes 88 and arranged to engage the outer surfaces ofthe jaws 84, which surfaces are normally inclined. When the operatingsleeve 85 moves downward from the position shown in Fig. 15, the rollers87will gradually force the jaws 8 inward at their lower ends.' At theend of his movement the rollers 87 will engage small plun ers 88asliding transversely an the jaws an pressed outward by springs 89. Theends of these plungers are preferably rounded and the rollers 87concavedcorrespondingly as shown in Fig. 16. The purpose-of thisarrangement is to exert a yielding pressure at the en of the crim ingoperation so as to prevent breakage o the bottle such as might occur ifthe strongest pressure exerted were a rigi pressure. The operatingsleeve 85 is moved up and down relatively to the jaws 84 by means of aforked lever 90, which is ful- Crumed at 91 and pivotally connected withsaid sleeve at 92. Preferably the fulcruln 91 is adjustable as by meansof a screw 93 and nuts 94-95. The end of the lever 90 is pivotallyconnected at 96 with a link 97 the lower end of which is pivotallyconnected at 98 with a vertically reciprocating' rod 99, the lower endof which is provided with a roller 99a working in a cam groove 41a.

The earingby which the wheel 63 is driven rom the shaft 30 is such as togive said wheel one revolution for each two revolutions of the shaft,thus bringing the capholders alternately into operative relation to thebottle.

The elastic connection between the jawcarrier 82 and the frame of themachine enables this carrier to yield slightly as the operating sleeve85 reaches the limit of its downward movement, thus further guardingagainst injury to the bottle.

After the crimping operation, the operat` ing sleeve 85 moves upward toallow the jaws 84 to spread apart and release the bottle, which thentravels downward by gravity as the cam 52 permits such movement. As thesupport 49 approaches the position shown in Fig. 7, the enga ement ofthe members 44, 46 will shift the ottle horizontally as hereinbeforedescribed. The raising of the bar 37 by the cam 42 not only allows theslide 44 to be projected to the position shown in Figs. and 7, but alsostops the rotation of the shaft through the action of the Shift lever34.

The construction shown in Figs. 17 to 20 differs from that describedabove only in the crimping mechanism. The upper end of the link 97 ispivotally connected at 96 with an elbow lever 100 fulcrumed at 101 andhaving a perforated lug 100u into which projects a pin 102a secured toan operating sleeve 102. This sleeve is mounted to turn in a horizontalplane, being provided with an annular rib 102b fitted within a rib 103of a stationary member 103 having a central opening 103b whichcorresponds to the opening 21" of Fig. 8. The shuttle or cap-carrier 57would he arranged to reciprocate beneath this member 103 in the samemanner as hereinbefore described. Crimping pins 104 are movable radiallythrough openings leading to the central opening 1031, these pins belngpressed upward against the sleeve 102 by springs 105, and having theirouter ends projected through the rib 103B. These projecting ends areadapted to be engaged and forced inward with a yielding pressure, by

' springs 106, secured at 1062L to the operating sleeve 102. The pins104 are further provided -with lugs 104a projecting into re- '5 cessesor chambers 102 of the sleeve 102.

Only the inner Walls of these recesses are active, operating to withdrawthe ins 104 when the sleeve is turned in the ireclion opposite to thatindicated by the arrow in Fig. 17. When the sleeve is turned in thcdirection indicated by said arrow, these pins 104 remain practicallystationary until engaged by the springs 106, and even then they are notforced inward positively, but yieldingly thus avoidin injury to thebottle. The chambers 102c are or this purpose made wider at one end thanat the other, so as to give the lugs 104a considerable play. Asufficient number of pins 104 are provided to crimp the flange of thecap by the inward movement of said pin. It will be understood that thebacking 79, such as shown in'Fig. 15 is also used in conjunction withthe crimping mechanism of Figs. 17420, and the recess shown in the topsurface of the sleeve 102 in Figs. 19 and 20 is indented for thereception of-said backing 79.

The term bottle as used herein is to be given a broad meaning to includejars and other receptacles.

We claim as our invention:

1. The combination of a bottle support, a shaft having operativeconnections to move said support, means, controlled by the placing of abottle on said support, for starting the rotation of the shaft, andcap-applying mechanism controlled by said shaft.

2. The combination of a bottle support, means for moving it, mechanismfor applying a cap to the bottle, and means, controlled by the placingof a bottle on said support, for starting the operation of the machine.

3. The combination of a bottle support having a movable member arrangedto be shifted by the placing of a bottle on the support, startinmechanism arranged to be thrown into action by the movement of saidmember, and mechanism, controlled by said starting mechanism, forapplying a cap to the bottle.

4. The combination of a bottle support, a slide adapted to be movedthereon transversely by engagement with a bottle, a second slide engagedby the first slide in the initial position thereof, a starting mechanismnormally held inactively by the second slide but adapted for release bythe movement of said slide, and cap-applying mechanism controlled bysaid starting mechanism.

5. The combination of a vertically movablebottle support, a slideadapted to be moved thereon transversely by engagement with a bottle, asecond slide engaged by the first slidein the initial position thereof,a starting mechanism normally held inactive by the second slide, a shaftthe rotation of which is controlled by said starting mechan- 1sm capapplying mechanismoperated by 6.. The combination of a vertically'badass aid harmed means, attuata by the' shaft, j

for bringing. the starting mechanism vback to its original position inwhich it causes the shaft to remain stationary. j

movable bottle support, a slide adapted tobe moved thereon Vtransverselyby engagement with a bottle, a second slide spring-pressed toward thefirst slide and engaged thereby in its initial'position, a verticallyfmovable bar arranged to be locked iny its elevated .position by thesecond `slide and to `be released when the said slide moves againstthetension of its spring, a shaft the rotation` of which is controlledbysaid bar, cap-applyy ing mechanism operated by` s id shaft, and

means, actuated by the shaft, or returning said bar to its raisedposition in which it causes the shaft to remain stationary.

7. The combination of a bottle support, cap-carrying mechanism in linetherewith, two cap magazines located on opposite sides of saidmechanism,.a cap carrier movable intoregistry with the support and alsointo registry with either magazine, and means for transferring caps fromthe magazines to the carrier. y Y i 8. rEhe combination of the bottlesupport, the transversely movable cap carrier having a flaring opening,outwardly resilient iingers pivoted to the holder about transverse axesand arranged to project into said opening and means for applying a capcarried by the holder to a bottle.

9. The combination of the bottle support, a rod in line therewith, abacking adapted to engage the cap and having a universal jointconnection with said rod and crimping mechanism adjacent to saidbacking.

10. rIhe combination of the bottle support, a rod in line therewith,provided with a l rounded end, a backing adapted to engage the cap andhaving a rounded socket adapted for'universal movement on the roundedend ofsaid rod, and a crimping mechanism adjacent to the backing.

11. The combination of the bottle support, the normally stationary capengaging backing in line with said support, means for adjusting saidbacking toward and from the cap support, crimping jaws adjacent to saidbacking and operating sleeve controlling the position of the crimpingjaws, a lever for movin said sleeve and an adjustable fulcrum or saidlever.

12. The lcombination of cap applying means and a bottle support havingarelative movement toward and from each other, mechanism for effectingsuch movement and means associated With said bottle support for startingthe mechanism which effects the Y said relative movement between'thecap-applying means and the bottle support.

13. The combination of cap-applying rtive.movement toward and from eachother,

with mechanism tor eHectin such movement, and. means associated withsaid bottle support for. starting the operation of said mechanism,saidv'means being operative by the positioning of a bottle relative 'tosaid support.` e

14. The combination of capapplying. means and a bottle support withmeans associated withsaid bottle support for starting the mechanismwhich actuates said cap-applying means.

15. The combination of cap applying means and a bottle support withmeans associated withsaid bottle support for actuating said cap-applyingmeans, said means being operative by the positioning bottle relative tosaid support. -"'l- 16. In a bottle capping machine, the 'combination ofa cap magazine, a cap carrier, a cap transferrer, cap applyingmechanism, a bottle support movable to and from said cap applyingmechanism and means associated with said bottle support for starting theopscribed, the combination of two cap magazines spaced apart;cap-applying devices located between said magazines; a horizontal capcarrier having a cap holder for each magazine and reciprocating betweensaid magazines so as to bring each cap holder in register with itsmagazine and with said cap-applying devices; a cap transferrer`for eachmagazine; and a vertically reciprocating bottle holder moving inalinement with said cap-applying devices.

1 In a machine of the character described, the combination of two capmagazines spaced apart; cap-applying devices located betweensaidmagazines; a cap carrier having a cap holder for each magazine andreciprocatin between said magazines so as,y to bring eac cap holder inregister with its magazine and with said cap-applying devices, each capholder comprising a part of t e cap carrier provided with an aperturehaving a set of spring pressed fingerstherein; and a cap transferrer foreach magazine.

20. In a machine of the character described, the combination of two capma azines spaced apart; cap-applying devices ocated between saidmagazines; a cap carrier 18. ln a machine oit the character de- 15magazine and reciprocatin reciprocatin between said ma azines so as 'tobringpeac cap holder in register with its magazine and with saidvcapapplying devices, each cap holder comprlsmg a part of the cap carrierprovided with an aperture having a. set of spring pressed ngers therein;and a cap transferrer for each magazine,

having a reciprocating movement through a cap -holder into and out ofits magazine.

21. In a machine' of the character described, the combination of two capma a zines spaced apart; cap applying devices ocated -between saidmagazmesa horizontal cap carrier having a cap holder for each betweensaid magazines so as to bring eac cap holder in register with itsmagazine and with said cap-applying devices, each cap holder`comprisingv a part of the cap-carrier provided with an aperture having aset of spring pressed fingers therein; a cap transierrer for eachmagazine having a reciprocating movement through a cap holder into andont of its magazine; and a vertically reciprocating bottle holder movingin alinemcnt with said cap-applyin devices.

22. The combination of the frame, the

e'aaeaa backin carried by said framathe f ring re= tracte backing andthe operating sleeve Inova the jaws.

28. The combination of the cap trans ferrer having jews movable toandfrom each other and carried on the ends offrocking arms, spring pressed.levers mounted on the opposite ends of said rockin arms 'a slide carriedon said levers andg ble crimping jaws surronn ing; the avmg springpiangere and b e lengthwise of mova thereon, and a xed bracket to limitthe movement of said slide. y

24. The combination of the frame, the backing movably carried by saidframe, the

spring retracted crimping Jaws surroundin l the backing and havlngspring plungers an an operating sleeve movable lengthwise of the jaws.

In testimony whereof We have signed this specification in the presenceof two subscrib-V ing witnesses.

.roma M...sfranrt. remains in. remiten.

